Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution. Pan-tumor genomic biomarkers for PD-1 checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. Association of tumour mutational burden with outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with pembrolizumab: prospective biomarker analysis of the multicohort, open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study. The spectrum of benefit from checkpoint blockade in hypermutated tumors. Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer. PD-1 blockade induces responses by inhibiting adaptive immune resistance. A paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy: from enhancement to normalization. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. First-line nivolumab in stage iv or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Predictive biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy. Five-year overall survival for patients with advanced non‒small-cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab: results from the phase I KEYNOTE-001 study. Five-year follow-up of nivolumab in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from the CA209-003 Study. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Updated analysis from KEYNOTE-189: pembrolizumab or placebo plus pemetrexed and platinum for previously untreated metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Phase III study comparing cisplatin plus gemcitabine with cisplatin plus pemetrexed in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. AACR Project GENIE: powering precision medicine through an international consortium. Sotorasib for lung cancers with KRAS p.G12C mutation. Updated overall survival and final progression-free survival data for patients with treatment-naive advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer in the ALEX study. Overall survival with osimertinib in untreated, EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC. Gefitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutation: Review of the evidence. The great escape: tumour cell plasticity in resistance to targeted therapy. TRIBUTE: a phase III trial of erlotinib hydrochloride (OSI-774) combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Selective oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839 is generally well-tolerated and has activity in non-small-cell lung cancer and other solid tumors: results of a phase I trial. The biology and management of non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and survivorship. A major challenge to successful development of rational combination therapies will be the application of robust predictive biomarkers for clear-cut patient stratification, and we provide our views on clinical research areas that could influence how NSCLC will be managed over the coming decade. We underscore the future role of neoadjuvant and maintenance combination therapy approaches to potentially cure early disease. We highlight our current understanding of mechanisms of resistance and the importance of incorporating genomic analyses into clinical studies to decipher these further. In this Perspective, we discuss some of the recent breakthrough therapies developed for NSCLC, focusing on immunotherapies and targeted therapies. However, the vast majority of advanced NSCLCs become resistant to current treatments and eventually progress. Molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have improved outcomes markedly over the past two decades. Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths.
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